Factors Shaping Pakistan-Iran Relations: Past, Present and Prospects for Future

Abstract

Iran and Pakistan enjoyed cordial relations before the Islamic revolution in Iran, Iran and Iraq War and Soviet led invasion of Afghanistan. Today both countries are not at daggers drawn with each other but relations between them have been marked by mistrust, competition and even hostility at times. This is owing to divergent interests of Pakistan and Iran in the region, cross border terrorism, sectarianism, varying economic interests, and conflicting partners in international domain. The future of Pakistan’s relation with Iran would continue to be influenced by the regional and international scenario. The relations between both neighbors can deepen and solidify if Pakistan tries to balance its relation with Saudi Arabia and Iran as both countries continue to be of utmost importance for Pakistan. In doing so, an effort should be made on the part of Pakistan to refrain from entering the conflicts which have been initiated and supported by these rival countries. Cooperation in trade and energy has the potential to improve the relations between Pakistan and Iran. Iran and Pakistan relations are likely to increase in the future because of their geographical proximity, cultural and religious values.